Standard on classification of Traditional Chinese Medicine ancient books / 国际中医中药杂志

The standardization of classification methods of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) ancient books can provide a clear and reliable reference for all kinds of TCM ancient books collection units, which can also promote the sharing and utilization of TCM ancient books. We studied and investigated the classification methods of TCM ancient books in past dynasties. The standard on classification of TCM ancient books was formulated by compared with the classification table of Zhongguo Zhongyi Guji Zongmu, and referred to the classification table of Zhonghua Guji Zongmu. This standard specified three-level categories and classification principles of TCM ancient books, and mainly composed of basic categories, three-level category table, classification principles and examples, and instructions for use.

Micromechanical interlocking structure at the filler/resin interface for dental composites: a review / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

Dental resin composites (DRCs) are popular materials for repairing caries or dental defect, requiring excellent properties to cope with the complex oral environment. Filler/resin interface interaction has a significant impact on the physicochemical/biological properties and service life of DRCs. Various chemical and physical modification methods on filler/resin interface have been introduced and studied, and the physical micromechanical interlocking caused by the modification of fillers morphology and structure is a promising method. This paper firstly introduces the composition and development of DRCs, then reviews the chemical and physical modification methods of the filler/resin interface, mainly discusses the interface micromechanical interlocking structures and their enhancement mechanism for DRCs, finally give a summary on the existing problems and development potential.

Effect of early off-bed mobility on diaphragm function in intensive care unit patients undergoing mechanical ventilation / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To explore the improvement of diaphragm function after early off-bed mobility intervention in intensive care unit (ICU) patients undergoing mechanical ventilation.Methods:A randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 147 adult patients undergoing mechanical ventilation admitted to ICU of Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from October 2019 to March 2022 were enrolled. The patients were divided into control group and observation group by convenient sampling. Except for the different intervention programs of early mobility, other treatment and nursing of the patients in the two groups were carried out according to ICU routine. Progressive early activities were performed in the control group, while early off-bed mobility was performed in the observation group. The changes of diaphragm thickness at the end of inspiratory (DTei), diaphragm thickness at the end of expiratory (DTee) and diaphragm thickening fraction (DTF) before and 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of intervention, and the duration of mechanical ventilation, length of ICU stay and 24-hour re-intubation rate after intervention were compared between the two groups.Results:Among the 147 patients, there were 4 cases of detachment in the control group and 5 cases of detachment in the observation group. Finally, 138 patients were enrolled, 69 cases in the control group and 69 cases in the observation group. There was no significant difference in gender, age, diagnosis of ICU, sedatives, muscle strength, ventilator model, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score and DTei, DTee, DTF before intervention between the two groups. The DTei, DTee and DTF in both groups were increased gradually with the extension of intervention time, especially in the observation group [DTei (cm) at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of intervention in the observation group were 0.247±0.014, 0.275±0.016, 0.300±0.013 and 0.329±0.013, while in the control group were 0.242±0.015, 0.258±0.013, 0.269±0.014, and 0.290±0.017, effect of time: F = 993.825, P = 0.000, effect of intervention: F = 82.304, P = 0.000, interaction effect between intervention and time: F = 84.457, P = 0.000; DTee (cm) of the observation group were 0.213±0.014, 0.227±0.013, 0.243±0.016, 0.264±0.010, while in the control group were 0.213±0.016, 0.218±0.013, 0.224±0.013, 0.234±0.014, effect of time: F = 385.552, P = 0.000, effect of intervention: F = 28.161, P = 0.000, interaction effect between intervention and time: F = 45.012, P = 0.000; DTF of the observation group were (15.98±4.23)%, (21.35±4.67)%, (24.09±4.44)% and (25.24±3.74)%, while in the control group were (14.17±4.66)%, (18.11±3.92)%, (20.22±4.19)% and (20.98±4.12)%, effect of time: F = 161.552, P = 0.000, effect of intervention: F = 49.224, P = 0.000, interaction effect between intervention and time: F = -4.507, P = 0.000]. The duration of mechanical ventilation and length of ICU stay in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group [duration of mechanical ventilation (hours): 112.68±12.25 vs. 135.32±22.10, length of ICU stay (days): 7.84±1.78 vs. 10.23±2.43, both P < 0.01]. However, there was no significant difference in 24-hour re-intubation rate between the observation group and the control group (0% vs. 2.90%, P > 0.05). Conclusions:Both early off-bed mobility and progressive early activities can prevent diaphragm weakness in ICU patients undergoing mechanical ventilation, and the effect of early off-bed mobility is better. Early off-bed mobility can significantly shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation and length of ICU stay, and it is safe and feasible.

lncRNA CDK5RAP3 regulates the proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells via miR-223-3p / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To explore the expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) CDK5RAP3 in gastric cancer tissue and its regulatory effect on gastric cancer cell proliferation and invasion.Methods:The expression differences of CDK5RAP3 in gastric cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were analyzed by TCGA database. By transfecting the pcDNA3.1-CDK5RAP3 plasmid into Hs-746T cells, a gastric cancer cell line overexpressing CDK5RAP3 (CDK5RAP3 group) was constructed, and the pcDNA3.1 plasmid was transfected into Hs-746T cells as a control group. The changes of CDK5RAP3 expression in the two groups of cells were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). The effects of overexpression of CDK5RAP3 on the proliferation and invasion of Hs-746T cells were detected by CCK-8 assay and Transwell assay, respectively. The binding sites of CDK5RAP3 and miR-223-3p were predicted by the starBase v2.0 database. The direct binding of CDK5RAP3 and miR-223-3p was verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene experiment. The expression levels of miR-223-3p in Hs-746T cells in each group were detected by qRT-PCR. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of proliferation proteins and invasion proteins in Hs-746T cells in each group. The experimental data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software, and the measurement data conforming to the normal distribution were expressed as Mean±SD. The t-test was used to compare between two groups, and the one-way analysis of variance was used to compare the means of multiple groups. Results:Compared with adjacent tissues, the expression level of CDK5RAP3 in gastric cancer tissues was significantly lower ( P<0.01). The expressions of CDK5RAP3 in Hs-746T cells in the control group and CDK5RAP3 group were (1.08±0.77) and (10.63±2.14), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). Up-regulation of CDK5RAP3 significantly decreased the proliferation activity of Hs-746T cells ( P<0.05). The number of invasive cells in the control group and CDK5RAP3 group were (137.80±28.72) and (57.76±24.95), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). CDK5RAP3 could directly bind miR-223-3p ( P<0.01). The expression of miR-223-3p in Hs-746T cells in control group and CDK5RAP3 group were (6.22±1.20) and (1.01±0.98), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). Compared with the control group, up-regulation of CDK5RAP3 significantly reduced the expression levels of proliferation and invasive proteins. Conclusion:The expression of CDK5RAP3 is low in gastric cancer tissue, and CDK5RAP3 inhibits the proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer Hs-746T cells by targeting miR-223-3p.

Correlation between brain networks functional connectivity in resting state and executive function in patients with different degrees of cognitive impairment associated with white matter lesions / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the cognitive-related networks of patients with different cognitive impairment related to white matter lesions (WMLs), and explore the correlation between the altered functional connectivity and the executive function.Methods:Patients with white matter lesions in Beijing Tiantan Hospital from January 2016 to December 2020 were selected , who were divided into WML-non-dementia vascular cognitive impairment (WML-VCIND) group( n=19)and WML-vascular dementia (VaD) group( n=19). At the same time, 24 normal control group (NC) with no cognitive impairment with age, gender and education level matched were enrolled. The Stroop B, Stroop C, trail making test(TMT-B) and verbal fluency test (VFT) were used to evaluate the executive function of all subjects. The ICA method was used to identity four cognitive-related RSNs: frontoparietal network (FPN), salience network (SN), default network (DMN), and dorsal attention network (DAN). Using SPSS 20.0 software, the functional connectivity (FC) of the regions of interest of the selected RSNs among the three groups were compared by analysis of covariance, and correlation between the altered FCs and executive function scores were explored by Spearman correlation analysis. Results:(1) The FC of the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC)-left inferior parietal lobe (IPL.L) in the VaD group(0.267±0.320) was significantly lower than that in the NC group (0.520±0.253)( P=0.005). The FC of MPFC-posterior cingulate (PCC) was significantly lower in the VaD group(0.655±0.284) than that in the VCIND group(0.810±0.232) ( P=0.017). The FC of MPFC-left insula and MPFC-left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC.L)was significantly higher in the VaD group(0.411±0.277, 0.545±0.311)than that in the VCIND group(0.239±0.308, 0.353±0.270)( P=0.044, 0.028). The FC of the left superior parietal lobe (SPL.L)-right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC.R) in the VCIND group(0.488±0.157) was significantly higher than that in the NC group(0.301±0.257) ( P=0.010). The FC of MPFC-left insula and MPFC-DLPFC.L was higher in NC group than that in VaD group ( P=0.020, 0.037). (2) The FC of MPFC-PCC was negatively correlated with Stroop C score ( r=-0.279, P=0.036), and TMT-B score ( r=-0.313, P=0.018). The FC of MPFC-IPL.L was negatively correlated with Stroop B score ( r=-0.311, P=0.018), Stroop C score( r=-0.308, P=0.020) and TMT-B score ( r=-0.367, P=0.005), while positively correlated with VFT score ( r=0.357, P=0.006). The FC of SPL.L-DLPFC.R was positively correlated with the Stroop B score ( r=0.305, P=0.021). Conclusion:There are certain differences in the functional connectivity between brain areas within the cognitive related brain networks, and the differences in FC between different brain areas are correlated with executive function scores. The changes of the FC may indicate possibly decline in executive function, which can explain the mechanism of cognitive declines.

Evaluation of the degree of white matter damage in patients with white matter hypertensities and cognitive impairment / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To analyze the characteristic of nerve tracts in different stages of cognitive impairment caused by white matter hypertensities, applying diffusion tensor imaging-peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity as evaluation indicator.Methods:Demographic characteristics and vascular risk factors of all subjects were recorded.Screened out 50 subjects without WMH and whose MoCA scale was more than or equal 26 points as normal control group.Then, we assessed 85 patients with WMH using the MoCA scale and clinical dementia assessment. Of 85 patients, 45 cases were divided into the normal cognition group, 23 cases were assigned into non-dementia vascular cognitive impairment group, and 17 cases into the vascular dementia group.The diffusion tensor imaging-peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity marking method was used to compare the integrity of white matter fibers in WMH patients with varying degrees of cognitive impairment and normal control group.Results:The difference of PSMD among the four groups was statistically significant(CN group: 3.558±0.157, VCIND group: 4.128±0.222, VaD group: 5.469±0.000, NC group: 2.612±0.105, F=42.479, P<0.05). PSMD in WMH groups were higher than that in NC group (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference between WMH-VCIND group and WMH-CN group ( P=0.067). The PSMD of WMH-VAD group was higher than that of WMH-CN group and WMH-VCIND group (both P<0.05). Conclusion:PSMD can accurately detect white matter fiber damage caused by WMH.The degree of WMH combined cognitive decline was not completely consistent with the degree of PSMD increase.Compared with the cases with normal WMH cognition, PSMD was not significantly increased when WMH was combined with VCIND, while PSMD was significantly increased when WMH was combined with VaD.DTI-PSMD value as imaging marker can provide objective basis for clinical diagnosis of WMH-VaD.

Correlation of white matter microstructural changes with executive function impairment in patients with white matter lesions / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore abnormal microstructural changes of white matter in patients with white matter lesions(WML) using diffusion tensor imaging(DTI), and to determine the association of such abnormalities of DTI parameters with executive function.Methods:Totally 34 patients with WML were recruited from the department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University from March 2012 to May 2019.All patients with WML were scored with Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) and Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), and assessed with Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and clinical dementia rating(CDR). They were divided into WML-cognitive normal group, WML-vascular cognitive impairment-non dementia group and WML-Dementia group.The Stroop color and word test (SCWT), trail making test-A (TMTA), digit symbol test and verbal fluency test were carried out to evaluate executive function.In addition, the healthy elderly without WML lesions were selected as the control group after they were examined by MRI, and all brains of the subjects went through DTI with Siemens 3.0 T MR.The data were collected and analyzed by voxel based analysis (VBA). The anisotropy and mean diffusion coefficient of DTI in the region of interest (ROI) and other regions in the brain were studied in the four groups, and their correlation with scores of executive function in WML patients was analyzed.Results:(1)In these executive function test, there were significant differences between the patients with cognitive impairment (WML-VAD group, WML-VCIND group) and normal cognition group(WML-CN group, NC group), such as SCWT(B)(65.54±6.24 vs 43.67±0.95, 76.75±2.13 vs 43.67±0. 95, 65.54±6.24 vs 43.66±1.81, 76.75±2.13 vs 43.66±1.81), SCWT(C)(88.58±6.76 vs 61.63±1.31, 96.37±1.47 vs 61 63±1.31, 88.58±6.76 vs 66.31±8.19, 96.37±1.47 vs 66.31±8.19), TMTA(40.47±2.76 vs 30.92±0.47, 44.24±1.43 vs 30.92±0.47, 44.24±1.43 vs 31.99±2.07, 40.47±2.76 vs 31.99±2.07), TMTB(88.66±6.55 vs 80.34±0.61, 96.70±1.72 vs 80.34±0.61, 88.66±6.55 vs 83.10±5.91, 96.70±1.72 vs 83. 10±5.91), Digit Symbol Test(39.25±5.63 vs 47.00±2.55, 31.27±3.93 vs 47.00±2.5, 39.25±5.63 vs 48.86±4.34, 31.27±3.93 vs 48.86±4.34) and Verbal Fluency Test(8.94±1.00 vs 11.71±0.47, 6.64±0.81 vs 11.71±0.47, 8.94±1.00 vs 10.86±0.69, 6.64±0.81 vs 10.86±0.69) scores ( P<0.05); In the patients with cognitive impairment, there were significant differences between WML-VAD group and WML-VCIND group, such as SCWT(B), SCWT(C), TMTA, TMTB, digit symbol test and verbal fluency test scores ( P<0.05); There were significant differences between WML-CN patients and NC group in the scores of SCWT (C), verbal fluency test( P<0.05). (2)FA values in the genu of corpus callosum and the inferior longitudinal fasciculus were negatively correlated with the time of SCWT (B), SCWT (C) and the TMTA( r=-0.436--0.471), but positively correlated with the scores of digit symbol test and verbal fluency test( r=0.428-0.573). MD values in the genu of corpus callosum, the superior/inferior longitudinal fasciculus and the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus were positively correlated with the time of SCWT (B), SCWT (C) and TMTA( r=0.432~0.609), but negatively correlated with the scores of digit symbol test and verbal fluency test( r=-0.424--0.630, all P<0.003125 after emendation). Conclusion:The executive function of patients with WML-Dementia decreases significantly.The more serious the damage of white matter microstructure, the more serious the damage of executive of function.

Analysis of research hotspot and frontier of severe coronavirus disease 2019: visual analysis based on CiteSpace / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To analyze the research hotspot and frontier of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China and abroad.Methods:The CiteSpace software was used to visually analyze the relevant research of severe COVID-19 published by CNKI and Web of Science databases from January 30th to April 20th in 2020. The analysis content included the author of the literature, the publishing institutions, and high-frequency keywords.Results:There were 389 Chinese literatures and 59 English literatures included. Analysis using CiteSpace software showed that there were four large teams in China currently concerning about the research on severe COVID-19. The co-authoring of each team was relatively close, but the teams were lack of cooperation. The main issuing institutions were affiliated hospitals of colleges and universities, but colleges and enterprises had less participation. The authors of English-language publications mainly had five research teams, some of whom had co-authored relationships. The country with the most enormous volume of English-language publications was China, followed by the United States and Canada. The Chinese keyword co-occurrence, clustering and highlighted words analysis showed that the main research areas of severe COVID-19 included clinical features, traditional Chinese medicine treatment, medical imaging, integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment and so on; nucleic acid detection, clinical features and diagnosis, plague theory and etiology mechanism, traditional Chinese medicine and integrated Chinese and Western medicine treatment, severe COVID-19 combined with diabetes and prognosis research will become future research trends; keyword cluster analysis showed that severe COVID-19, combined chronic underlying diseases, CT imaging characteristics will also become new trends in the field of research. Co-occurrence analysis of keywords in English literatures showed that the main research areas of severe COVID-19 included the names of novel coronavirus, pandemic diseases, infectious diseases, medical supplies distribution, and indicators related to myocardial damage.Conclusions:Researchers in China and abroad have different concerns about severe COVID-19. Domestic research focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of severe cases, while foreign countries attach importance to epidemic response and prevention.

Study on the status and influencing factors of hypertension in civil aviation pilots / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence and influencing factors of hypertension among civil aviation pilots. METHODS: A total of 1 169 civil aviation pilots in Northern China were selected into the study by the method of convenient sampling. Physical examination, laboratory test and questionnaire survey were conducted. RESULTS: The prevalence of hypertension in Northern China was 4.7%(55/1 169). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the relative risk factors ranking from high to low were, age over 30 years [odds ratio(OR)=6.81, 95% confidence interval(95%CI) 3.57-12.98)], total flight hours over 1 000 hours(OR=4.24, 95%CI 2.14-8.41), flight hours over 500 hours in the past year(OR=2.91, 95%CI 1.57-5.40), obesity(OR=2.50, 95%CI 1.08-5.81), fasting blood glucose(OR=2.24, 95%CI 1.21-4.13), and frequent long-distance flight(OR=2.38, 95%CI 1.24-4.58). These factors were the risk factors of hypertension in civil aviation pilots(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Age, total flight hours, flight hours in the past year, obesity, fasting blood glucose, frequent long-distance flight are related to the prevalence of hypertension in civil aviation pilots.

Correlation between transient elastography controlled attenuation parameter and metabolic syndrome components / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between Fibroscan? data controlled attenuation parameter(CAP), liver stiffness measurement(LSM), and the risk of metabolic syndrome(MS). Methods A total of 817 subjects in this year's staffs physical checkup screening for fatty liver were recruited. Questionnaires were filled, anthropometries including neck and waist circumferences were collected, and fasting glucose, lipid profiles, insulin, adiponectin levels were measured, CAP and LSM were recorded using FibroScan? . The subjects were divided into MS and control groups. Clinical characteristic parameters were compared, and independent predictors for MS were analyzed. Results There were 231 subjects(28.3％) in the MS group and 586(71.7％) in the control group. As compared to the controls, MS group had significantly higher CAP, LSM, neck circumference, and fasting insulin levels[(277±48vs237±44)dB/m,(4.9±2.2vs4.1±1.0)kPa,(37.1±3.3vs34.1±3.0)cm,(9.3±4.7vs5.7± 2.9)μIU/ml, all P<0.01], whereas adiponectin levels were lower [(10.6 ± 8.8 vs 18.7 ± 14.9) ng/ml, P<0.01] . With the accumulation of MS components, CAP and LSM increased. When CAP and LSM were divided into quartiles, the number of MS components increased with increasing quartiles, along with proportions and odds ratios for the occurrence of MS, and CAP showed a stronger correlation with MS than LSM. Binary Logistic regression analysis revealed that CAP, age, neck circumference, adiponectin, and fasting insulin levels were independent predictors for MS. Even with no MS component, subjects with CAP≥248 dB/m had elevated body mass index, neck and waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, increased fasting insulin, triglyceride, uric acid and reduced adiponectin levels. Conclusion CAP showed a close relationship with MS. Increased CAP was associated with increased body weight, dyslipidemia, elevated uric acid, and fasting insulin, whereas reduced adiponectin even before the occurrence of MS.

S100A7 promotes the metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition on HeLa and CaSki cells / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To elucidate the impact of over-expression of S100A7 on migration,invasion,proliferation, cell cycle, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human cervical cancer HeLa and CaSki cells.Methods(1)Immunohistochemistry of SP was used to examine the expression of S100A7 in 40 cases of squamous cervical cancer tissues and 20 cases of normal cervical tissues.(2)The vectors of pLVX-IRES-Neo-S100A7 and pLVX-IRES-Neo were used to transfect human cervical cancer HeLa and CaSki cells, and the positive clones were screened and identified. Next, transwell migration assay, cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay and fluorescence activating cell sorter(FACS)were used to detect the effect of S100A7-overexpression on the migration, invasion, proliferation and cell cycle of cervical cancer cells. Furthermore, western blot was performed to observe the expression of epithelial marker(E-cadherin)and mesenchymal markers(N-cadherin,vimentin,and fibronectin)of EMT. Results(1)S100A7 expression was significantly higher in cervical squamous cancer tissues(median 91.6)than that in normal cervical tissues(median 52.1;Z=-2.948,P=0.003).(2)Stable S100A7-overexpressed cells were established using lentiviral-mediated gene delivery in HeLa and CaSki cells. S100A7 was detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR,S100A7 mRNA of S100A7-overexpressed cells were 119 ± 3 and 177 ± 16, increased significantly compared with control groups of median(P<0.01).Compared with the control cells, the number of S100A7-overexpressed HeLa and CaSki cells that passed the transwell membrane assay were increased significanatly(572 ± 51 vs 337 ± 25, P<0.01;100 ± 8 vs 41 ± 4, P<0.01).Matrigel invasion assay showed that the number of S100A7-overexpressed HeLa and CaSki cells that passed the transwell membrane were respectively 441±15 and 110±14,elevated significantly compared with control cells(156±21 and 59±7;P<0.05). However, S100A7 overexpression didn′t influence the proliferation and cell cycle progression of HeLa and CaSki cells(P>0.05). Expression of E-cadherin was dramatically decreased, while N-cadherin, vimentin, and fibronectin increased in S100A7-overexpressed cells. Conclusion S100A7 enhances the migration, invasion and EMT of HeLa cells and CaSki cells, and may be plays an important role in the development of cervical cancer.

Simultaneous Determination of Six Effective Components in Dutong Pills by GC / 中国药师

Objective:To establish a GC method for the imultaneous determination of cinnamaldehyde, bornyl acetate, costunol-ide,dehydrocostus lactone,magnolol and honokiol in Dutong pills. Methods: The determination was performed on an HP-5 column (30 m ×0.32 mm,0.25 μm) with programmed temperature. The carrier gas was nitrogen with the flow rate of 2.0 ml·min-1. The injection volumn was 1 μl and the sample split ratio was 5:1. The inlet temperature was 280 ℃. The detector was a flame ionization detector with temperature at 300 ℃. Results:The linear ranges were 32.28-516.40 μg·ml-1for cinnamaldehyde(r=0.999 3), 27.06-433.00 μg·ml-1for bornyl acetate(r=0.999 2),25.65-410.40 μg·ml-1for costunolide(r=0.999 3),26.10-417.60 μg ·ml-1for dehydrocostus lactone(r=0.999 3),24.01-384.20 μg·ml-1for magnolol(r=0.999 0) and 18.32-293.10 μg·ml-1 for honokiol(r=0.999 4). The average recovery was 99.71%(RSD=0.67%),99.34%(RSD=1.18%),100.16%(RSD=0. 34%),100.40%(RSD=0.39%),99.32%(RSD=1.22%) and 99.58%(RSD=0.58%)(n=6),respectively. Conclusion:The method is simple,sensitive and accurate,can be used to supplement the insufficient quality control of Dutong pills.

Comparative Study on Antitussive, Antiasthmatic, Phlegm-resolving and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Fritillaria cirrhosa and Fritillaria unibracteate / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate antitussive,antiasthmatic,phlegm-resolving and anti-inflammatory effects of Fritillaria cirrhosa and Fritillaria unibracteata. METHODS:Mice and guinea pig were randomly divided into blank control group (distilled water),ethanol extract groups,water extraction groups and powder groups of F. cirrhosa and F. unibracteata(1.13 g/kg for mice, 0.42 g/kg for guinea pig,calculated by crude drug),positive control group,with 10 mice(guinea pig)in each group. Each group was given relevant medicine intragastrically once a day for consecutive 5 d. Relative indicators were detected 30 min after last medication. The ammonia water induced cough method was used to investigate antitussive effect (dextromethorphan hydrobromide as positive drug,0.013 g/kg)by determining coughing latent period and coughing times within 3 min. After inducing asthma with 2％ histamine phosphate for 15 s, antiasthmatic effect (aminophylline as positive drug, 0.033 g/kg) was investigated by determining coughing latent period and the number of guinea pig with convulsive fall. The phenol red injection method was used to investigate phlegm-resolving effect (ambroxol as positive drug,21.304 g/kg) by determining the content of phenol red in the trachea of mice in phenol red expectoration test. The anti-inflammatory effect(dexamethasone acetate as positive drug,9.225×10-4 g/kg)was investigated by determining ear swelling degree and inhibition rate of ear swelling mice in xylene-induced inflammation test. RESULTS:Compared with blank control group, coughing latent period and cough induction latent period prolonged significantly in ethanol extract of F. cirrhosa and F. unibracteata groups,F. cirrhosa and F. unibracteata powder groups,positive control group, and coughing time decreased significantly within 3 min. The number of mice with convulsive fall decreased significantly in F. cirrhosa powder group, F. unibracteata ethanol group,F. unibracteata powder group and positive control group. The content of phenol red in the trachea of mice increased significantly,while ear swelling and inhibitory rate of ear swelling decreased significantly,with statistical significance (P<0.05 or P<0.01). There was no statistical significance in each index of mice between powder group and positive control group (P>0.05). Compared with corresponding groups of F. cirrhosa,coughing latent period of mice prolonged significantly in F. unibracteata ethanol extract group (P<0.05), other indexes had no statistical significance(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The antitussive,antiasthmatic,phlegm-resolving and anti-inflammatory effects of F. cirrhosa are similar to or worse than those of F. unibracteata.

Diffusion tensor imaging of white matter lesions with cognitive impairment / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore abnormal microstmctural changes of white matter in patients with white matter lesions using diffusion tensor imaging(DTI),and to determine the association of such abnormalities of DTI parameters with cognitive function.Methods The objects who have already confirmed with WML were collected from March 2012 to February 2018 through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan from the neurology department of Beijing Tiantan Hospital.Use The hamilton depression scale(HAMD) and the hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) to eliminate anxiety and depression,and divided into WML-CN group,WML-VCIND group and WML-VAD group with Mini-mental state examination (MMSE),Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA)and clinical dementia rating(CDR).In addition,select the healthy elderly people without WML by MRI scan as the normal control group.All of the subjects were detected with the superconduct magnetic resonance imaging system (German SIEMENS 3.0T) for the DTI scanning.Original images were processed with VBA.Then explore the changes of FA and MD of DTI in whole brain and regions of interest in NC group,WML-CN group,WML-VCIND group and WWML-VAD group,and its correlation with the severity of cognitive impairment in patients with WML.Results The damage degree of the fiber microstructure of brain white matter was significantly correlated with the total grade point of MoCA (P＜0.01).In figure FA,the variance analysis of F test results showed that the significant brain areas were the splenium of the corpus callosum,the genu of corpus callosum,bilateral posterior internal capsule,retrolenticular part of internal capsule,anterior thalamic radiation,partial inferior longitudinal fasciculus and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus,cingulate,external capsule,upper and posterior part of the radiation crowns,partial superior longitudinal fasciculus,etc.(P＜0.05 after FWE correction based on TFCE method).In Figure MD,the variance analysis of F test results showed that the statistically significant brain areas mainly included the left external capsule and hook,partial genu and splenium of corpus callosum,Bilateral,bilateral inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus,inferior longitudinal fasciculus,anterior thalamic radiation,retrolenticular part of internal capsule,cingulate,etc (P＜ 0.05 after FWE conection based on TFCE).Conclusion No matter whether cognitive impairment exists in patient with WML or not,all DTI parameters are different from those of normal people.The integrity of white matter fiber has been damaged with different degrees.The more severe the cognitive impairment in the external manifestations of patients with WML,the greater the damage to the intrinsic white matter microstructure.

A rapid and useful method for gender identification of grey red-backed voles / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective Grey red-backed voles (Myodes rufocanus) are agile, fierce and hard to catch, thus, it is difficult to judge their gender by external appearance, especially for the juvenile voles. Therefore, it may cause difficulties to their allocation and later breeding in laboratories. The aim of this paper is to establish a rapid, simple and accurate method for gender identification of grey red-backed voles. Methods Fresh hair follicles were taken from 6 adult male voles, 3 adult females and 14 4-week-old juvenile voles, 5 male and 5 female 9-week-old Wistar rats, and 5 male and 3 female 6-week-old BALB/c mice. The genomic DNA was extracted using Chelex-100 resin and the zinc-finger Y/X gene (ZFY/ZFX) and the gene of sex-determining region of the Y (SRY) chromosome were amplified by PCR, and a double PCR amplification method was established. Results The ZFY/ZFX gene and SRY gene were simultaneously amplified from the male voles, while only the ZFY/ZFX gene was amplified from the females. The gender of all 23 voles, 10 Wistar rats and 8 BALB/c mice were correctly identified with this method, and the PCR results were consistent with the phenotypic and autopsy results. Conclusions Using fresh hair follicles as experimental materials for gender identification of grey redbacked voles can alleviate shock and damage to the animals. The established double PCR amplification method is accurate, simple, rapid, and deserves to be used for gender identification of grey red-backed voles.

Correlation between Executive Function and Activities of Daily Living for Patients with Periventricular White Matter Lesions / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To study the relationship between executive function and activities of daily living for patients with periventricular white matter lesions (PWMLs). Methods From January, 2016 to January, 2017, 35 PWMLs patients and 35 normal controls were collected. Their executive function and activities of daily living were assessed with neuropsychological tests and Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADL).Results Compared with the normal control group, the scores of Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) significantly decreased (t>13.726, P<0.001), the times of Trail-Making Test and Stroop Colour Word Test significantly lengthened, the Verbal Fluency Test score decreased (t=6.891, P=0.013) and the Digit-Symbol Substitution Test score did not improve (t=3.372, P=0.072) in PWMLs group. The Z score of executive function was positively correlated with ADL score (r=0.438, P=0.008).Conclusion The executive function and activities of daily living are impaired in PWMLs patients, and their activities of daily living is related to the severity of the executive function impairment.

Mechanism of Subcortical Aphasia: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To explore the connection of fibers among functional language areas in the normals and the patients with subcortical aphasia using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion tensor fiber tractography (DT-FT). Methods From June, 2016 to May, 2017, 20 healthy subjects and three stroke patients whose lesion located in subcortical structures were included. There were two patients with Broca's aphasia and one with conductive aphasia from the Western Aphasia Battery. They were scanned with DTI and DT-FT, while the fractional anisotropy (FA) of functional language areas and contralateral mirror areas were measured, and the relevant fibers were observed. Results The structures of functional language areas were complicated and extensively connected with other cortex and subcortical structures in healthy subjects, with few differences among individuals. FA was lower in the functional language areas and arcuate fasciculus than in the mirror regions in patients, and the fibers were damaged, distorted or shifted.Conclusion Structures related to language are very complicated, which involve cortex, lots of white matter tracts, subcortical structure and others. The damage, transformation or transposition of fibers in functional language areas may be the mechanism of subcortical aphasia.

Small-world networks analysis of leukoaraiosis: a rest-state functional MRI study / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the effect of leukoaraiosis (LA) on the efficiency of the brain function network and to analyze the features of the "small world" network with graph theory method.Methods This study involved 34 LA patients from the Department of Neurology,Beijing Tiantan hospital,Capital Medical University from January 2014 to September 2015 and 23 age-and sex-matched healthy controls(NC group).All participants underwent the neurocognitive tests including M MSE,MoCA and clinical dementia rating(CDR).The subjects were divided into LA with cognitive normal group (CN) (n=11) and LA patients with vascular cognitive impairment-non dementia group(VCIND) (n=23).Functional MRI (fMRI) was employed at resting state.And then,the functional network establishment and small-world network metrics (characteristic clustering coefficient and path length) were computed using graph analytical methods.Results In the range of 0.05 ≤ Kcost ≤ 0.5,the functional networks fitted the definition of small-worldness in LA (CN),LA(VCIND) and NC groups(δ＞1).The Lambda of group LA(CN) and LA (VCIND) were smaller than that of NC group at each threshold,and more closing to 1.The gamma of group LA(CN) were higher than that of NC group at each threshold.While the gamma of group LA(VCIND)were lower than that of NC group at each threshold.The sigma of group LA(CN) were higher than that of NC group at each threshold.Conclusion The LA patients exhibit abnormal small-world network properties.And compared with HCs,small world properties in LA (CN) patients have been increased,while that in LA (VCIND) patients have been reduced,which manifested that the altered topological properties may be responsible for cognitive dysfunction in LA patients.

Polymorphism research on SLA class II genes in Canadian SPF Yorkshire and Landrace pigs / 中国实验动物学报

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the polymorphism of SLA class II genes in Canadian SPF Yorkshire and Landrace pigs.Methods Blood samples were obtained from 15 SPF Yorkshire and 22 Landrace pigs for isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells respectively, and the DQB1, DRB1 and DQA genes were amplified by PCR after reverse transcription.SLA class II genes were obtained by analyzing the direct and cloning result.The polymorphism of alleles was analyzed using the DNAsp 5.0 software.Results A total of 25 alleles were identified at three genes, including eight DQB1, ten DRB1 and seven DQA, and three alleles were submitted the complete sequences for the first time.The official allele names were assigned as SLA-DQB1*0212 (KU754590), SLA-DQB1*0203 (KU754591) and DRB1*06:07(KU754601) by the SLA Nomenclature Committee.Three novel DQA alleles were discovered.Five of the 15 amino acids, one of the 16 amino acids and 11 of the 19 amino acids, which bind processing antigens, showed well conserved among the alleles of DQB1, DRB1 and DQA genes in the SPF Yorkshire and Landrace pigs, respectively.Neighbor-joining tree showed that the three genes were divided into two clusters, respectively.There was a close relationship between SPF Yorkshire and Landrace pigs and foreign Yucatan miniature pigs, and it showed no obvious genetic distance with other pigs.Conclusions A total of 25 SLA class II alleles have been identified successfully in this study, and there are more abundant polymorphism for them.There is a widely distribution for SLA class II alleles identified in this study in other pig breeds.It is critical for the eventual future use of SPF Yorkshire and Landrace pigs as classical laboratory animal models.

Determination of Nine Aconitum Alkaloids in Xiaohuoluo Pills with Quantitative Analysis of Multi-compo-nents by Single Marker / 中国药师

Objective:To develop a method of quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker( QAMS) for nine kinds of alkaloids in Xiaohuoluo pills. Methods: An HPLC-QTOF-MS method with an Agilent ZORBAX Extend-C18 RRHT(2. 1 mm × 50 mm,1. 8 μm) column was applied. The flow rate was 0. 21 ml·min-1 . The column temperature was 30 ℃. The mobile phase was methanol (A)-water (B;containing 0. 1％ formic acid and 2. 5 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate) with gradient elution. The aconitine was used as the internal standard, and the relative correction factor ( RCFs) of hypaconitine, mesaconitine, benzoylaconine, benzoyl-hypaconine, benzoylmesaconine, aconine, hypaconine and mesaconine was respectively established, and the reproducibility inspection on the RCF was performed. The contents of the other 8 kinds of aconitum alkaloids were calculated according to the RCF. At the same time, an external standard method ( ESM) was performed for the content determination of the nine alkaloids. The results of the two methods were compared. The feasibility and accuracy of the QAMS method were verified. Results:Within a certain range,the RCF of hypacontine,mesacontine, benzoylaconine, benzoylhypaconine, benzoyl mesaconine, aconine, hypaconine and mesaconine to aconitine was 1. 736,1. 979,1. 0471,0. 9242,1. 2901,1. 3078,1. 2859,and 1. 0948,respectively. The QAMS method was established for determi-ning alkaloids. There were no significant differences between the results of the QAMS method and those of the external standard method ( ESM) . Conclusion:With the validation of methodology, the method established in our study can be used for the content determina-tion of aconitine, hypaconitine, mesaconitine, benzoylaconine, benzoylhypaconine, benzoylmesaconine, aconine, hypaconine and mesaconine in xiaohuoluo pills.